Aristotle · 350 BC
Nicomachean Ethics
IntermediateEthicsAncient Greece
Why read it
Aristotle's answer to what makes a life go well is eudaimonia — usually translated as flourishing, not happiness. It's not a feeling but an activity: living and doing well. The argument is that virtue is a habit, not a state. Dense in places, but foundational to almost everything written about ethics since.